Resolving the Conflict between Infectious Disease and Beneficial Urban Nature

Abstract

Abstract Urban nature offers critical benefits for urban residents and is foundational for city livability. However, biodiversity in cities can also deliver disservices to people, including the potential to increase infectious disease risk. In the present Forum, we explore these tensions through a narrative review and qualitative synthesis, arguing that the possible benefits and risks of biodiverse urban areas need not be in conflict. We compile evidence linking urban nature features to zoonotic and vector-borne disease risk, identifying five interactions of concern and highlighting the importance of proactive management. Building on this, we outline various urban design an..